Coins tell stories from the past, and one fascinating example is the Antioch Tetradrachm of Augustus. This silver coin, issued around 2 BCE, comes from Antioch-on-the-Orontes, an ancient city in what is now southern Türkiye. This article explores the history, design, and significance of this remarkable coin, giving you a glimpse into a time when Rome was at the peak of its power.
Background of the Antioch Tetradrachm
The Antioch Tetradrachm was minted during a crucial time in Roman history. In 31 BCE, Octavian, Julius Caesar’s great-nephew and adopted son, defeated Marc Antony and Cleopatra in the famous Battle of Actium. This victory marked the end of the last civil war of the Roman Republic. Just a few years later, in 27 BCE, the Senate honored Octavian with the title “Augustus,” making him the first Roman emperor.
By the time this coin was issued, the silver tetradrachm, which was once a popular trade coin in Greece, was starting to decline in use. However, it was still significant enough to be used for celebrating Augustus as the new ruler of Rome.
Design of the Antioch Tetradrachm
The design of the Antioch Tetradrachm is intricate and meaningful. Here’s a closer look at both sides of the coin:
Obverse
On the front side (obverse), you will find the head of Augustus adorned with a laurel wreath, a symbol of victory and honor. His detailed portrait, looking to the right, showcases how he styled his hair. Surrounding his image is the Greek inscription ΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟV (Kaisaros Sebastou), which means “Caesar Augustus.” A decorative border of fillets surrounds the top of the coin, giving it a finished look.
Reverse
The back side (reverse) features the goddess Tyche, who represents fortune. She is seated on a rock, facing right, with a large palm branch in her hand—a symbol of victory. Tyche wears a crown that resembles city walls, which signifies her protection over cities. Below her, you can see the River god Orontes, whose body emerges from the water as if swimming away. This lively scene highlights the connection between the city and the river.
Around the top half of the reverse is the Greek inscription ΕΤΟΩΣ Λ ΝΙΚΗΣ, which refers to Augustus’ victory. Below the palm branch, you can find monograms that indicate the year of consulship and the mint mark.
Coin Specifications
| Specification | Detail |
|---|---|
| Nationality | Roman |
| Issuing Authority | Augustus |
| Date | ca. 2-1 BCE |
| Metal/Alloy | Silver |
| Denomination | Tetradrachm |
| Weight | approx. 14.5 to 15.5 grams |
| Diameter | approx. 27 mm |
Conclusion
The Antioch Tetradrachm of Augustus is more than just a coin; it is a window into the past. It reflects the power and influence of Augustus and the rich culture of ancient Rome. From its detailed design to its historical significance, this tetradrachm is a prized artifact for collectors and historians alike. Whether you’re an enthusiast or just curious about ancient coins, understanding their stories enhances our appreciation of history. Next time you see a coin, remember that it could carry tales of greatness, victory, and cultural heritage.